Recent research suggests that dietary supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D, along with regular exercise, may have a significant impact on slowing the process of biological aging in older adults. A study published in Nature Aging offers new insights into these potential benefits.
What Is Biological Aging?
Biological aging refers to cellular and tissue changes that occur over time, increasing the risk of various diseases. Unlike chronological aging, which simply measures the number of years lived, biological aging can vary among individuals of the same age.
Study Highlights
- As part of the DO-HEALTH clinical trial, researchers monitored 777 healthy participants over the age of 70 for a period of three years.
- The aim was to examine the effects of daily supplementation with 2,000 IU of vitamin D, 1 gram of omega-3 fatty acids, and a simple home-based exercise program on biological aging markers, specifically epigenetic markers based on DNA methylation.
- The markers analyzed included:
DNA methylation age (the so-called epigenetic clock), reflecting biological rather than chronological aging;
DNAm PAI-1 (Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1) – an epigenetic marker linked to inflammation, metabolic imbalance, and aging;
DNAm leptin – an epigenetic indicator of leptin hormone activity, involved in appetite regulation, metabolism, and body weight;
Methylation patterns associated with mortality and chronic disease risk, used to predict long-term health outcomes.
Key Results
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Participants who received omega-3 supplements showed a slower biological aging rate, with an average reduction of 2.9 to 3.8 months over three years.
- Combination Therapy: The combination of omega-3, vitamin D, and exercise provided additional benefits, especially on specific biological aging markers.
Conclusion
These findings suggest that omega-3 fatty acids—especially when combined with vitamin D and regular physical activity—may offer protective effects against biological aging in older adults. Although the effects were modest, they point to promising strategies for promoting healthy aging.
For more information, the full article is available in Nature Aging.
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